
From
the GNU Manifesto to free software
From
1983 to 1985, Dr Richard
Stallman,
writing in the “GNU Manifesto”, outlined his vision for
developing a Unix-style operating system with an open source code.
He
publicly expressed his motivations in the following terms: “I
consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I
must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to
divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not to
share with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in
this way. I cannot in good conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement
or a software license agreement. […] So that I can continue to use
computers without dishonor, I have decided to put together a
sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to get along
without any software that is not free.”
Today,
the free software movement has spread beyond the boundaries of
Richard Stallman's city through communities of contributors whose
knowledge and expertise continue to address specific problems around
the world. Using software for
any purpose, studying how it works, modifying it while adapting it to
our usage needs and redistributing it to the entire community are the
foundations of free
software,
which restores the central place of users in information technology.
Thus
we are entering a new era, of information technology that is not
imposed on users, communities or cultures. We are writing momentous
chapters in the history of information technology, and digital
technology in general, which is about providing profound solutions to
the need for inclusive development and innovation. We
are now talking about information technology which is adaptable and
adoptable.
(Re)humanising
our information technology for Guinea and Africa
It
is now time to (re)humanise information technology and rebuild
solidarity among people through digital technology, so that African
issues can be solved by Africans, in Africa, with African expertise.
Everyone
is asking a fundamental question. Can free software be a springboard
for digital technology in Africa?
Today,
the free software movement goes beyond information technology itself.
We talk a lot more about freedom as an overarching concept than free
software alone. This enables us to take free software out of the
laboratories, hackerspaces and other “makerspaces”, to show
ordinary citizens that free software and the free software movement
can provide a blueprint for development in various parts of Africa,
including Guinea.
In
Africa, we continue to invest a lot of money into education, as this
is something we remain committed to. As Nelson
Mandela said, “Education
is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”
With this in mind, it would be pertinent to educate and train
Africa's young people in a strategic way, empowering them with free
knowledge that they can utilise to plan and take stronger action at
their own initiative.
In
order to train excellent application developers in Africa, African
students must have the opportunity to access the source codes of
existing software so they can study how they operate. Reviewing codes
written by highly skilled developers will enable Africa's youth to
gain skills and acquire expertise.
Giving
Guinean youth access to free software will strengthen our continent,
which suffers from a “double
digital divide”
when it comes to digital technology. Combining the free software
movement with Guinea's youth will produce “made in Guinea”
technical experts at our universities with the expertise to resolve
Africa's challenges with an African perspective, combining a mix of
skills, independence, openness, clarity, sharing, accessibility and
collaboration.
We
must not prohibit pupils and students at our African universities
from sharing software source codes, making copies of software,
sharing or helping one another. Unfortunately, this is what we see in
many software agreements used on our campuses. African youth are
taught division. They are educated to work and learn separately and
individually, yet ironically, after obtaining their degrees, we ask
them to work collaboratively at companies. If
our society needs collective intelligence to survive, we need to
teach it and make it our new currency.
African
students have experienced starting from zero.
Free
software that is accessible and open to all without restriction will
allow us to rapidly prototype business ideas based on components of
open and modifiable source codes. Let's
give each young African the opportunity to create their own job!
These
days, free software is everywhere in our daily lives. Spanning free
digital mapping, value-added services in mobile telephony, SMS and
mobile applications, collaborative platforms, collective intelligence
systems, open electronic and
open hadware,
low-tech home automation, remote irrigation via SMS, land management
through online participatory democracy platforms, telemedicine and
more, nothing is beyond reach. Our vision of development needs to
change now, and urgently. We need to shift our focus to digital
inclusion.
Young
Africans have already created applications from scratch using
free software, and this should inspire us and inspire other young
people in Guinea to take action.
The
free software movement has given rise to horizontal training methods:
learning together through experimentation. During these peer-to-peer
learning sessions, participants learn to enhance their skills, but do
so collectively. Each training session introduces a new aspect, so
that the learner, rather than simply receiving knowledge, gets to
share their experience, offer their commitment, present their skills
and put them to use for the benefit of others. This
is the kind of approach we need to promote and democratise in Guinea.
Another
way to stimulate the development of digital technology is by making
data publicly available, which will enable the free software movement
to take root; in other words, Open
Data. Public
data must be easily and freely accessible and reusable. Not only is
providing data
to the public a legal obligation, it
also represents a gold mine of invaluable opportunities.
Our
African capitals, including Conakry, are evolving within a complex
environment driven by a constant need to adapt through the improved
application of technologies. And trying out new approaches, far
removed from the weaknesses of the industrial model, the
overconsumption of resources, the generation of waste and tools
disconnected from the needs of users, is also a development focus for
Africa.